Executive Summary
This section summarizes the entire business plan, emphasizing its high
points:
• What is the purpose of your plan?
• How much money are you requesting, in what form
(equity or debt), and for what purpose?
• What is the market potential of your
product/service?
• What are its significant features?
• What are your product development milestones?
• What financial results do you anticipate?
I. Business Elements
• What is your business?
• What are your principal products/services?
• What are your principal markets?
• What are the applications and needs for your
product/service?
• What is your distinctive competence (i.e., what are
the chief factors that will account for your success?)?
• What are your strengths and weaknesses?
II. Market Analysis
A. Industry
• What industry are you in?
• How big is it now? How big will it be in five
years? Ten years?
• What are its chief characteristics?
• Who are or will be the major customers?
• What are or will be the major applications?
• What are the major trends in the industry?
B. Target Markets
• What are the major segments you will penetrate?
• For each major application, what are the following:
o Requirements by the customer or regulatory agency?
o Current ways of filling these requirements?
o Buying habits of the customer?
o Impact on the customer of using your
product/service (e.g., how much will it save him per year; what return
on investment will he get, will he have to change his way of doing
things, buy other equipment, change work habits, or modify
organizational structure?)
C. Competition
• What companies will you compete with, including
those like you who are not yet in the market?
• How do you compare with other competitive companies?
• What competition will you meet in each
product/service line?
• How does your product/service compare with others,
especially through the eyes of the customer?
• What is the market share of each existing
competitor?
• Do you threaten the strategic objects or self-image
of competition or just financial results (e.g., will competition see to
destroy you at any cost)?
• Do you interface with important, noncompetitive
equipment that manufacturers might still be reluctant to support your
product due to warranty, liability, or image considerations?
D. Reaction from specific prospective customers
• What prospective customers have you talked to?
• What was their reaction?
• Have they seen or tested a realistic prototype of
the product/service? If so, what was their reaction?
E. Marketing activities
• What is your marketing strategy?
• What are your plans for
o Distribution
o Promotion
o Pricing
o Sales appeal
o Geographical distribution
o Field service or product support
o Setting priorities among segments, applications,
and marketing activities?
F. Selling activities
• Who will you identify prospective customers?
• How will you decide whom to contact and in what
order?
• What level of selling effort will you have?
• What efficiency will you have?
• What conversion rates will you be able to obtain?
• How long will each of the above activities take in
person-days?
• What will your initial order size be? What is the
likelihood and size of repeat orders?
• Based on the above assumptions, what is the sales
productivity of each salesperson?
• What is the commission structure? Does it have
increasing or decreasing rates for exceeding quote? What will the
average salesperson earn per year and how long will s/he have to wait
to receive commissions?
• What evidence do you have to back up your answers
to the estimates above?
III. Technology: Research and Development
• What is the essence and status of your current
technology (idea, prototype, small production run, etc.)?
• What is your patent or copyright position?
• How much is currently patented or copyrighted and
how much can be patented or copyrighted?
• How comprehensive and how effective will the
patents or copyrights be?
• What companies have technology that is superior or
equal to yours?
• Are there additional means or protecting your
technology?
• What new technologies or scientific approaches
exist that may become practical in the next five years? What factors
limit their development or acceptance?
• What are the key research and development
activities and related milestones and risks?
• What new products, hopefully derived from first
generation products, do you plan to develop to meet changing market
needs?
• Are there any regulatory or approval requirements?
IV. Manufacturing and Operations
• How will you accomplish production or conduct
service operations?
• How much will you do internally and by what methods?
• How much through subcontracts, both initially and
after several years?
• What production or operating advantages do you have?
• What is your present capacity for level or
production or operations? How can this be expanded?
• What are critical parts? Are any of these parts
“sole-sourced” or do you have backup vendors?
• What re the lead times of these parts?
• What are the standard costs for production at
different volume levels?
V. Management and Ownership
• Who are your key managers?
• How do you intend to attract and compensate key
people?
• What are their skills and, particularly, their
experience, and how does this relate to the success requirements of
your venture?
• What has their track record been, and how does this
relate to your requirements?
• What staff additions do you plan, when and with
what required qualifications?
• Do any managers have outstanding “noncompete”
agreements with previous employers?
• Who is on your board of directors?
• Who are your current stockholders, and how many
shares does each own?
• What is the amount of stock currently authorized
and issued?
VI. Organization and Personnel
• How many people will you need by type?
• What compensation method will be used by type?
• Show sample organizational structure for formative
years and thereafter.
VII. Funds Required and Their Uses
• How much money do you require now?
• How much will you require over the next five years,
and when will it be required?
• Who will these funds be used?
• What portion of the funds will be raised from debt
rather than equity?
• What terms?
• When do you plan to “go public”?
VIII. Financial Data
• Present historical financial statements and
projects for the next three to five years, including
o Profit and loss or income statements by month or
quarter, at least until break-even, and then annually to cover a
five-year period
o Balance sheets at the end of each year.
o Cash budgets.
o Capital budgets for equipment.
o Manufacturing/shipping plan.
• What key assumptions have been made in your pro
forms and how good are these assumptions?
IX. Administrative Considerations
• What is the name of your business?
• Has the name or trademark been searched?
X. Appendices
• Resumes of key managers.
• Pictures of product.
• Professional references.
• Market studies, articles, etc.
• Patents.
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